The case of 马虎。
The HSK knows, on some level, that it graduates students who if they don't have solely a knowledge of language related terms, at least have a vocabulary top-heavy in school/language related words. Why does it know this? Because for some reason Marvel started letting Joss Whedon write X-men and one day all of a sudden the HSK had acquired consciousness and could fly around the world and do evil shit. No, wait, that's the danger room.
马虎 - 形 - careless, sloppy, not serious (不认真）, done 'sloppily', 'poorly', 'carelessly'
I see this stretched all the way to 'casually', which is a pretty big leap in english, but let's go there.
马马虎虎 - 1, same as 马虎
2, the oft-used and somewhat infamous 一般, which is taught as the rarely used by english speakers 'so-so’， more properly rendered as 'ok' with an emphasis on the 'not that great'
刻苦 - kèkǔ - 形 - hardworking, on the same with 勤奋, with both of them being stronger than 用功
勤奋 － qínfèn - 形 - not very 口语, but you will see it written often. - diligent
粗心大意 - cūxīndàyì - 形 - 算是口语或“习惯用语”，at least according to the HSK, careless, sloppy
note that 粗心 and 大意 also both independently mean careless, sloppy
Don't worry about usage, just know these words and you'll be fine.
and finally
含糊 - hánhu - 形 - 马虎， careless, sloppy
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回复删除HSK, you're way beyond my level of Mandarin but I read you to make my self feel better.
回复删除I'm actually way beyond my level and read me to to make myself feel worse. At a certain point mandarin (like many languages) just becomes an addition of more and more vocabulary. When you get to this point it is best to find a topic and go deeply into it and avoid pure language 'advancement'. That way you can talk to doctors about medicine or talk shows about technology but still not be able to get the 勤奋 question right on the test. But, if for some reason you want to go back and rechristen all the parts of chinese you either know, kind of know, can kind of understand, or even use effectively in isolation for hard-core testing competence, one must simply go back over a lot of stuff that along the way you determined wasn't that important and get to all the different uses of 并， 并且，而且， 况且，尚且, what word types can go in front or after them, etc. It's not fun, and a lot of the time you can handle them individually just fine, but then all of a sudden a question comes up and it's like, 从， 自从，自，由。which one can be used here？ Well, of course it's only 自从 because only 自从 can take 名词性短语 which you kind of know internally by usage, but that doesn't necessarily translate into the correct answer when you have 15-45 seconds to decide.
回复删除Then again you can just sort of drill through the HSK or whatever testing regime until you get to a point where you can achieve the score you want (the most commonly taken path) and never really get into all these elaborate distinctions and grammars, but yknow, some people are crazy.
I'm sure you'll be there soon. Your head is big after all.
Its big, or small... Honestly, I don't even know the answer. I'll let you know once I've taken my first HSK exam.
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