诠注 - exegesis
Some relevant uses of 想 and 要, again.
想 - used as a single character,
想 can only be used in front of nouns to mean 'think about' '思考' or miss '想念'
Nouns: 我想那个。 - Intention: I want that one. Result: Fail.
Correction: 我要那个， 我想要那个。
想 can be used in front of verbs to mean 'want'
我想去上海。 Intention: I want to go to Shanghai. Result: Correct.
要 - used as a single character.
要 can be used in front of nouns to mean 'want'
我要那个。 Intention: I want that one. Result: Success.
要 used in front of verbs to mean either 'want' '想要' or will '将要'
我要去上海。 Intention: I want to go to Shanghai. Result: Success.
我要去上海. Intention: I'm going to Shanghai. Result: Success.
Negation:
不想
不想 can not be used in front of nouns to mean 'don't want'
我不想那个。 Intention: I don't want that one. Result: Failure.
不想 can be used in front of verbs to mean 'don't want'
我不想去。 Intention: I don't want to go. Result: Success.
不要
不要 can be used in front of nouns to mean 'don't want.'
我不要那个。 Intention: I don't want that one. Result: Success.
不要 can not be used in front of verbs to mean 'don't want.' (unless you are a child.)
我不要去上海。 Intention: I don't want to go to Shanghai. Result: Fail.
Summary:
想 - can't mean 'to want' in front of nouns in a positive or negative frame. In all other cases, ok.
要 - can't mean 'to want' in front of verbs in a negative frame. In all other cases, ok.
I guess this would make the 'want' use of 想 a full 能源动词, not 'defective' in any case.
And that would make 要 defective in the negative case. (At least in Standard Mandarin and some Northern dialects.) Why 要 functions successfully in the negative and positive case with nouns stems from the fact that 要 in that case is functioning as a full or regular verb, and not a 能源动词.
情态动词 与 能源动词
'modal verbs'
First of all 助动词 is 'auxiliary verb' or 'helping verb' and 情态动词 are just one type of 助动词。
I'm going to go with the thesis that the term 能源动词 is a recent invention and that 情态动词 is the original translation of the term 'modal verb' from western languages. So, 能源动词 refer to the class of verbs in chinese， english and other languages don't have this type of verb, they have a similar type of 助动词 called 情态动词. As for why they use this term 能源 I'm not clear. Also, I understand the logic of moving away from classifying these verbs as '情态动词', but they should similarly change the translation into english as well. In my dict I get the word 'volitive' which emphasizes these are verbs indictating 'will' or 'desire', but why then the 能源？ Are we supposed to take this literally as a 'source' of 'willingness'. But 能 doesn't have that feel for me。 Anyway, these 能源动词 a lot of the time aren't indicating mood in the chinese, so they probably shouldn't be called 情态动词 or 'modal verbs' in translation.
I wanted to post some youtube clip about some pop star but it is late, so you will have to wait till next time to hear me talk about 安又琪 or whatever。
Resolution:
From 刘月华, who we will take as the the end all and be all of all thing chinese grammar even though her book is older than the 五月花。 Why we have the term 能源动词：
从语义上可以分为两类：一类表示意愿和对情理、事理、主客观条件、价值的主观判断，一类表示对事情发生的可能性的判断。
categories:
1.表示愿意 - expresses intention
2.表示对情理、事理的判断 expresses one's judgment towards reason or logic
3.表示对主客观条件判断的 expresses one's judgment towards subjective or objective conditions
4.表示准许、允许 expresses permission or approval
5.表示评价 expresses a valuation
6.表示可能 expresses possibility
1.我想去
2.你不应该给他那么多钱。
3.我能去。
4.你可以这样做。
5.这个例子值得参考。
6.今天天气特别好，不可能下雨。
I guess I was just dealing too much one class of 能源动词。 李月华 also says 助动词 is just another name for 能源动词, which would mean chinese has no other types of auxiliary verbs. I'm not ready to trust her yet.
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"想 - can't mean 'to want' in front of nouns in a positive frame. In all other cases, ok."
回复删除If this holds true, then you would be able to say -
'我不想电脑' to mean I don't want a computer, and correct me if I'm wrong, but I reckon that you can't.
"要 - can't mean 'to want' in front of verbs in a negative frame. In all other cases, ok."
If so, then I can't correctly say 我不要去上班 to mean I don't want to go to work, and methinks you can.
Example one.
回复删除Correct. You would need a measure word, regardless, 一台电脑, but you are correct that in the positive or negative frame, the 'want' meaning of 想 only exists as a modal verb, meaning it can't take a noun. The post will be corrected to reflect that. Thank you.
Example two:
As for the 不要 prohibition. According to 刘月华 this is a feature from Northern China, a wide variety of teachers and speakers, and books from many places outside of north china promote this rule, and on the HSK it will be there as well, so you should know it. I imagine the prohibition stems from 不要's relationship to 别, and 不要's other dominant usage, but that is merely speculation.
So, no, you can't say 我不要去上班。 At least not on the HSK.
I just spent a long time looking on the Interwebs for some 证明 because the few grammar books I have with me I've already told you about. Besides, 刘月华 is often the final word in a discussion of grammar. I found one source that is 'decent.' It comes from "A Practical Chinese Grammar", a book I have browsed through many a time, but never purchased. I believe it was written to be used in correspondence with the 'new practical chinese reader' series from BLCU or something like that because their grammar explanation were short and or poor.
I quote from, pagen 191:
The negative of " 要 + Verb" is, however, "不想 + Verb" and not " 不要 + Verb." The latter may be acceptable in some dialects but not in Standard Mandarin. In fact, "不要 + Verb" is the pattern to use for phrasing a strong negative imperative, as in sentence (15).
13. 他不想听京剧，他要听民歌。
He doesn't want to listen to Beijing Opera; he wants to listen to folk songs.
14. 我现在不想喝啤酒，你呢？
I don't want to drink beer now. What about you?
15. 你晚上不要开车！
Don't drive at night.
http://books.google.com/books?id=aEtiSnbaQB8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=chinese+grammar#PPA193,M1
Hope this clears things up.